False dichotomy is often coupled with false dilemma in which only two choices are presented (action vs perception). You’ll most often see this in terms of “either/or” and “with us or against us” arguments.
Sometimes this occurs because we misunderstand complex situations around us. Our brains are wired to desire simplicity and it takes a lot of effort to understand detailed nuances and complexities in a given situation. False dichotomy offers us a shortcut in reasoning.